Standardized testing has become imprecise in both standards and grading. William Schmidt, a professor at the College of Education at Michigan State University, states that “"...the standards themselves are often times not very clear or focused.” Unclear standards are problematic for teachers and students. For example, teachers who are uncertain about standards are unable to thoroughly teach ithem to students, hence students will not fully understand the standards. Along with unclear standards, there is also unclear grading. Harvard Professor of Education, Daniel Koretz, states “"...test scores usually do not provide a direct and complete measure of educational achievement.” If a student does not understand a standard on a test they have points deducted. In addition to not grasping the standard and missing the question, the student is not given a reason behind the solution and/or an explanation; this is because standardized testing does not provide an individual assessment for students. Furthermore, individualized assessments would help students learn from their mistakes and, be able to entirely comprehend the subject, and have a better outlook on standardized testing.